In this article, we’ll discuss the use of L-hydroxyproline, how it is converted into proline, its effects on wound healing, and its interactions. We’ll also discuss its mechanism of action. You’ll be able to make informed decisions about how to use this amino acid. But first, let’s discuss its conversion to proline. It will be easy to understand if you know the basic information about it.
L-hydroxyproline
Several studies have revealed the benefits of L-hydroxyproline, including the fact that it has several functions. Proline stimulates the synthesis of type I collagen, and the expression of HIF-1a is increased. The presence of glutamine in skin fibroblasts also decreases the effect of proline. However, glutamine itself has been proven to be an effective inhibitor of L-hydroxyproline synthesis.
The SCO6289-SCO6293 operon is thought to be responsible for L-Hyp utilization. It encodes a protein called epimerase. Mutations in this gene reduced the growth of S. coelicolor P201, but it could grow in medium containing L-proline. The gene is involved in the synthesis of collagen and acts posttranslationally.
L-hydroxyproline conversion to proline
L-hydroxyproline is a molecule that is synthesized by the enzyme L-hydroxyproline cis-4-hydroxylase. The enzyme is ferrous-dependent and has a substrate selectivity of l-pipecolic acid. A recombinant E. coli strain expressing this enzyme was developed by Wang J, Sun FF, and Yue C. In addition, Zhao J, Borujeni A, and Yue C characterized trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline cis-4-hydroxylase.
The role of prolyl hydroxylases is well known. Prolyl hydroxylases convert L-proline residues to Hyp, a substance that is involved in collagen biosynthesis. These enzymes are oxygen sensors and are able to convert L-proline to Hyp when required. They do not, however, accept peptidyl proline as a substrate.
Proline can alter the 3-dimensional structure of proteins by changing its R-group. It is usually found in regions of a protein where folds and turns occur. The resulting structural rigidity of the protein is highly dependent on this change. These modifications result in protein bends and directional changes. Further, cis-proline has a higher affinity for water. In a protein, it also helps the protein fold in a 3-dimensional structure, facilitating proper function.
Effects of L-hydroxyproline on wound healing
In this study, researchers evaluated the effects of PLE on wound healing. This amino acids were able to reduce the area of wounds significantly on days five and eleven after injury. Additionally, it was able to increase wound tensile strength significantly compared to the control group. These results support a possible mechanism of action for PLE in wound care. For further research, it may be useful to investigate the mechanisms involved in PLE action on wounds.
One of the key mechanisms of L-hydroxyproline is its ability to increase collagen biosynthesis. Increases in hydroxyproline content result in faster wound healing, and a higher level reflects more cellular proliferation and collagen synthesis. Conversely, lower concentrations of hydroxyproline are indicative of poor wound healing. Both NPWT and moist wound dressing increased hydroxyproline content.
Mechanisms of action of L-hydroxyproline
The mechanisms of action of L-hydroxyproline are largely unresolved. Recent studies, however, have provided new insights. For example, the enzyme HypD is a new candidate for a key role in the metabolism of Hyp. It is found in abundance in the human GI tract and is a nonproteinogenic amino acid. The research also suggests that Hyp is involved in the regulation of intestinal motility, digestion, and bowel function.
The main mechanism of action of L-proline is through a pre-requisite for HIF1-a ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, hydroxylation inhibits the accumulation of HIF1-a in oxygenated tissues. Thus, hydroxylation of L-proline has the potential to influence protein functions and metabolism. However, more studies are needed to understand the exact mechanisms by which L-proline acts in the body.
